Which volcanic feature is formed by the accumulation of volcanic ash and debris?

The correct answer is the cinder cone, which is characterized by its steep, conical shape formed primarily from the accumulation of volcanic ash, cinders, and small volcanic rocks ejected during explosive eruptions. As volcanic material is expelled from a single vent, it falls back to the ground around the vent, gradually building up in layers. This process creates the distinct conical profile associated with cinder cone volcanoes.

In contrast, a shield volcano is formed predominantly by the flow of low-viscosity lava that can travel great distances, resulting in a broad, gently sloping profile. Lava plateaus are created by extensive flows of basaltic lava that layer over vast areas, leading to a flat, large expanse rather than a conical structure. A caldera is formed after a volcanic eruption when the underlying magma chamber empties and causes the roof to collapse, resulting in a much larger depression rather than a built-up structure of ash and debris. These differences highlight the specific processes and materials involved in the formation of the cinder cone.