Which type of volcano is characterized by gentle eruptions of low-viscosity lava?

The type of volcano characterized by gentle eruptions of low-viscosity lava is the shield volcano. These volcanoes are broad and dome-shaped, and they typically produce large quantities of fluid basalt lava that can flow over long distances. The low viscosity of the lava allows it to spread out smoothly and create the gentle slopes associated with shield volcanoes.

In contrast, other types of volcanoes have different eruption styles and lava characteristics. For example, cinder cone volcanoes are steep and formed from the accumulation of volcanic debris ejected during explosive eruptions, leading to more conical shapes. Stratovolcanoes, on the other hand, have a more complex structure of alternating layers of lava flow and ash, and they often result in more explosive eruptions due to higher viscosity lava. Lava domes are formed by the slow eruption of very viscous lava, creating steep-sided mounds that can collapse or lead to explosive events.

Thus, the gentle eruptions of shield volcanoes, driven by low-viscosity lava, distinguish them from these other types of volcanic structures.