Which tool is designed to measure movements of the Earth's surface?

The seismograph is specifically designed to measure the movements of the Earth's surface, particularly during seismic events such as earthquakes. This instrument detects and records the vibrations caused by seismic waves as they travel through the Earth. It translates these vibrations into a visual representation, often in the form of a seismogram, which can help scientists analyze the intensity, duration, and characteristics of the quake.

In contrast, a compass is used to determine geographic direction, a barometer measures atmospheric pressure to forecast weather changes, and a thermometer gauges temperature. While all these instruments are vital in their respective fields, none are employed to track or measure movements within the Earth’s crust like a seismograph does. The unique functionality of the seismograph makes it essential for studying tectonic activity and understanding the underlying geological processes.