What does the term "environment" encompass in ecological terms?

In ecological terms, the term "environment" refers to the combined living and non-living components that interact within a particular ecosystem. This includes all biotic factors, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, as well as abiotic factors like soil, water, air, and climate. This comprehensive definition is crucial because ecosystems are characterized by the interplay between living organisms and their physical surroundings. For instance, plants require sunlight, soil, and water to grow, and their growth also affects other organisms in the environment, such as herbivores and decomposers. By understanding that the environment encompasses both living and non-living components, one can appreciate the complexity and interconnectedness of ecological systems.