What does the term "environment" encompass in ecological terms?

The term "environment" in ecological terms refers to the combined living and non-living components that interact within a particular ecosystem. This includes abiotic factors, such as sunlight, water, soil, and climate, as well as biotic factors, which consist of all living organisms like plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms. The interaction between these components influences the structure, function, and dynamics of ecosystems.

Understanding this concept is crucial for studying ecological relationships and the impact of environmental changes. By encompassing both living and non-living factors, the definition acknowledges that ecosystems are complex networks where various interactions take place, directly affecting species behavior, population dynamics, and overall ecological balance.